Patents, copyrights and trademarks are various aspects of the same central idea. These are forms of intellectual property that secure the rights of owners and creators. However, there are several points of differences among the three.
One of the key differences is that the patents essentially secure the physical or conceptual inventions, while copyrights secure literary, artistic or other similar works. A trademark, on the other hand, can be a word or a logo that can differentiate products of one firm from the others.
The next important factor that distinguishes patents from others is the high level of protection provided by it due to strict liability principles. In other words, regardless the fact that the infringer was or was not aware that he was violating the patent, he will be held responsible for the same. Thus patents provide greater safety against infringement, on the other hand copyright and trademarks offer for fair use and other exceptions.
A patent is normally awarded for a span of 20 years, after which it goes into the public domain. Whereas, as far as copyrights are concerned, they are normally given for 60-70 years, and trademarks do not cease to exist even for centuries if you want. Further, patents can protect your invention or process in a very stringent manner. Patents protect not only the expression of ideas like copyrights do but they also protect the principles and mechanisms applied in a particular invention.
Finally, since these 3 kinds of IPR offer different levels of protection for different things, the processes for filing an application for them are also quite different. For instance, the application for a patent requires detailed description of the invention, which is not required in case of copyrights or trademarks. But, a copyright application demands a replica of the original creation, while a trademark requires a thorough search for similar marks in existence in the market.
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